{"id":4701,"date":"2019-11-19T17:58:53","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T14:58:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/?p=4701"},"modified":"2025-05-12T16:37:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T13:37:19","slug":"zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/","title":{"rendered":"Zob C\u0259rrahiyy\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z (tiroid v\u0259zi), boynun \u00f6n hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u201cguatr\u201d adl\u0131 sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemind\u0259 \u0259sas rol oynay\u0131r. Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z b\u0259d\u0259nin madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sini t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n hormonlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131na cavabdehdir v\u0259 bu v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si h\u0259m estetik, h\u0259m d\u0259 sa\u011flaml\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/98\/1\/27A\/2823239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guatr\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda boyunda \u015fi\u015flik, bo\u011fazda s\u0131x\u0131lma hissi v\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259salmada \u00e7\u0259tinlik kimi probleml\u0259r yer ala bil\u0259r.<\/a> Yay\u011f\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, autoimmun x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r v\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259ki d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r daxildir. Bu problemin m\u00fcalic\u0259si is\u0259 alt\u0131nda yatan s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir v\u0259 c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259rqli \u00fcsullar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\t<section class=\"section dark\" id=\"section_2097081053\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-452535577\" class=\"gap-element clearfix hide-for-medium\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-452535577 {\n  padding-top: 10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1964069645\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-208750572\" class=\"col medium-12 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1203955717\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>\u018ftrafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn biziml\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131n!<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1203955717 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n@media (min-width:850px) {\n  #text-1203955717 {\n    font-size: 1.6rem;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-208750572 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 0px 0px 0px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-208750572 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-718135482\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?phone=905383589471&#038;text=Merhaba%20hocam,%20size%20%20https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/%20adresinden%20ula%C5%9F%C4%B1yorum.\" class=\"button success is-shade is-small box-shadow-5\" style=\"border-radius:10px;padding:5px 20px 5px 20px;\">\n\t\t<span>Whatsappla \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-718135482 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2097081053 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n  background-color: #ff8900;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-104499056\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-104499056 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u0259rif<\/td>\n<td>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ya bir hiss\u0259sinin c\u0259rrahi yolla \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesidir. Guatr, d\u00fcy\u00fcn, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngi v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq oluna bil\u0259r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259r (Endikasiyalar)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; B\u00f6y\u00fck guatr\u0131n n\u0259f\u0259s darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyin\u0259 yol a\u00e7mas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngi \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259si v\u0259 ya diaqnozu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hormonlar\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlaya bilm\u0259y\u0259n toksik \u00e7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatr v\u0259 ya Qreyvs x\u0259st\u0259liyi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259li risk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u018fm\u0259liyyat N\u00f6vl\u0259ri<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Total Tiroidektomi: Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin tamamil\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Subtotal Tiroidektomi: Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin bir hiss\u0259sinin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Lobektomi: Yaln\u0131z bir pay\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259k d\u00fcy\u00fcn varsa).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Haz\u0131rl\u0131q<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; \u018fm\u0259liyyat \u00f6nc\u0259si \u0259trafl\u0131 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z funksiyas\u0131 testl\u0259ri.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Diaqnozu t\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ultras\u0259s, sintaqrafiya v\u0259 ya biopsiya.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qanama riski \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qan testl\u0259ri edilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hormonlar\u0131 tarazlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259si laz\u0131m ola bil\u0259r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u018fm\u0259liyyat Prosesi<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; \u00dcmumi anestezi alt\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Boyunda ki\u00e7ik bir k\u0259sik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z v\u0259 laz\u0131m g\u0259l\u0259rs\u0259 \u0259trafdak\u0131 limfa d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>F\u0259sadlar (Komplikasiyalar)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; S\u0259sin bat\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 (rek\u00fcrrent laringeal sinirin z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hipokalsemiya (paratiroid v\u0259zil\u0259rin t\u0259sirl\u0259nm\u0259si).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0130nfeksiya v\u0259 ya qanama.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u0259rrahiyy\u0259 sonras\u0131 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormon \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hipotireoz).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00fcalic\u0259 Sonras\u0131 Proses<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Total tiroidektomiyadan sonra \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonunun \u0259v\u0259zedici m\u00fcalic\u0259si (levotiroksin).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hormon s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m izl\u0259nm\u0259si.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; A\u011fr\u0131 v\u0259 yara bax\u0131m\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; B\u00f6y\u00fck guatr\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 simptomlar\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u0259dxass\u0259li risk da\u015f\u0131yan d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hormon istehsal\u0131ndak\u0131 tarazs\u0131zl\u0131qlar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlanmas\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dezavantajlar<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; \u00d6m\u00fcr boyu hormon m\u00fcalic\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b oluna bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yan t\u0259sirl\u0259r v\u0259 f\u0259sad riski.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alternativl\u0259r<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Radioaktiv yod m\u00fcalic\u0259si (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 toksik guatrda).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259si (antitiroid d\u0259rmanlar).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 Kontrol<\/td>\n<td>\u018fm\u0259liyyatdan sonra m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m qan testl\u0259ri v\u0259 fiziki m\u00fcayin\u0259 il\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormon s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin izl\u0259nm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b olunur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u0259zmun c\u0259dv\u0259li<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Nedir\" >Guatr Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatrin_S%C9%99b%C9%99bl%C9%99ri_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\" >Guatr\u0131n S\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_N%C9%99_D%C9%99r%C9%99c%C9%99d%C9%99_Yaygindir\" >Guatr N\u0259 D\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 Yay\u011f\u0131nd\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Formalasir\" >Guatr Nec\u0259 Formala\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatrin_Elam%C9%99tl%C9%99ri_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\" >Guatr\u0131n \u018flam\u0259tl\u0259ri N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Diaqnoz_Edilir\" >Guatr Nec\u0259 Diaqnoz Edilir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Mualic%C9%99_Edilir\" >Guatr Nec\u0259 M\u00fcalic\u0259 Edilir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatrin_F%C9%99sadlari_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\" >Guatr\u0131n F\u0259sadlar\u0131 N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Mualic%C9%99si_N%C9%99_Zaman_Edil%C9%99_bil%C9%99r\" >Guatr M\u00fcalic\u0259si N\u0259 Zaman Edil\u0259 bil\u0259r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Mualic%C9%99si_N%C9%99_Zaman_Edil%C9%99_Bilm%C9%99z\" >Guatr M\u00fcalic\u0259si N\u0259 Zaman Edil\u0259 Bilm\u0259z?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatrin_Sagalma_Prosesi_Nec%C9%99dir\" >Guatr\u0131n Sa\u011falma Prosesi Nec\u0259dir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Qarsisi_Alinir\" >Guatr Nec\u0259 Qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/zob-c%c9%99rrahiyy%c9%99si\/#Tez-Tez_Veril%C9%99n_Suallar\" >Tez-Tez Veril\u0259n Suallar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Nedir\"><\/span>Guatr Nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 edil\u0259n v\u0259 min ill\u0259r boyu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nan bir sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemidir. Tarixi qeydl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, guatr\u0131n h\u0259m s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rinin, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcalic\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 olunub.<\/p>\n<p>Q\u0259dim \u00c7in t\u0259bab\u0259tind\u0259 eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 2700-c\u00fc il\u0259 aid m\u0259tnl\u0259r, guatr\u0131n m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259niz yosunu v\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u00fcng\u0259ri kimi yodla z\u0259ngin t\u0259bii madd\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edildiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/Goiter-History.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u0259nz\u0259r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, Hindistan\u0131n Ayurvedik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u201cgalaganda\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan guatr\u0131n c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/a> Antik Roma d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, t\u0259xmin\u0259n milad\u0131n 127-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fair Juvenal, Alp da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 boyun \u015fi\u015fkinlikl\u0259rinin \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lindiyini vur\u011fulayaraq orada guatr\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131na diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 tibbilim alimi Qalen d\u0259 guatr m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 yand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u0259niz yosunu kimi \u00fcsullar t\u0259klif ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131m atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlar, guatr\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda v\u0259 Qreyvs x\u0259st\u0259liyi kimi \u0259laq\u0259li v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259svirind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. XII \u0259srd\u0259 fars h\u0259kimi Zeyn\u0259ddin \u0259l-C\u00fcrcani, guatr il\u0259 g\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 (ekzoftalmi) aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni t\u0259svir ed\u0259r\u0259k tibb tarixin\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Ancaq c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259ti m\u0259hdud qal\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Renessans d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tibbi bilikl\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259di. Paracelsus, guatr il\u0259 i\u00e7m\u0259li suyun t\u0259rkibind\u0259ki minerallar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni vur\u011fulayaraq ekoloji faktorlar\u0131n bu x\u0259st\u0259lik \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki t\u0259sirin\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kdi. 1811-ci ild\u0259 Bernard Kurtoa (Bernard Courtois) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yodun k\u0259\u015ffi, guatr m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259si oldu. 1820-ci ild\u0259 Jan-Fransua Koendet (Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Coindet), yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 guatr\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirdi v\u0259 yod \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259rini m\u00fcalic\u0259 prosesin\u0259 daxil etm\u0259kl\u0259 bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sind\u0259 yeni d\u00f6vr a\u00e7d\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>XIX v\u0259 XX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 yodlu duzun geni\u015f istifad\u0259si guatr\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7ox b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259 tezliyinin azalmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. Buna baxmayaraq, yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n davam etdiyi da\u011fl\u0131q b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bu x\u0259st\u0259lik h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir ictimai sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemi olaraq qalmaqdad\u0131r. Guatr\u0131n tarixi tibbin inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 paralel \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u0259rsl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatrin_S%C9%99b%C9%99bl%C9%99ri_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\"><\/span>Guatr\u0131n S\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 edil\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259n bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259tdir. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/98\/1\/27A\/2823239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u00fcnyada guatr\u0131n \u0259n yay\u011f\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/a> Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131 istehsal etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yoda ehtiyac duyur. Kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yod al\u0131nmad\u0131qda, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si azal\u0131r v\u0259 bu da qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zini stimulla\u015fd\u0131ran hormonun (TSH) artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. TSH s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q yod q\u0259bulu da qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Autoimmun (avtoimmun) x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r d\u0259 guatr\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Ha\u015fimoto tireoiditi (Hashimoto tiroiditi) immunitet sisteminin qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z toxumas\u0131na h\u00fccum etm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaran\u0131r v\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n hipotireozla n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Qreyvs (Graves) x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259 is\u0259 immunitet sistemi qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin TSH reseptorlar\u0131n\u0131 stimulla\u015fd\u0131raraq hipertiroidizm v\u0259 yay\u011f\u0131n guatr formala\u015fmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Genetik faktorlar da guatr inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Ail\u0259 anamnezi olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259 guatr riski y\u00fcks\u0259lir, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qad\u0131nlarda genetik meyillilik daha qabar\u0131q olur. \u018ftraf m\u00fchit faktorlar\u0131 da guatr\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda ba\u015fqa bir amil say\u0131la bil\u0259r. B\u0259zi qidalarda olan t\u0259bii guatrogenl\u0259r v\u0259 siqaret istifad\u0259si qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin funksiyalar\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ayr\u0131ca, d\u0259mir v\u0259 selen kimi mikroelement \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131 da riski art\u0131ra bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0259hay\u0259t, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259ki d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r (nod\u00fcll\u0259r) v\u0259zin anormal b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. \u00c7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatrda (multinod\u00fcler guatr) bu d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r hormon istehsal\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil hala g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k hipertiroidizm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_N%C9%99_D%C9%99r%C9%99c%C9%99d%C9%99_Yaygindir\"><\/span>Guatr N\u0259 D\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 Yay\u011f\u0131nd\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemidir. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259 tezliyi yod q\u0259bulu, ya\u015f, cinsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 co\u011frafi m\u00f6vqe kimi amill\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir. Yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 guatr\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 biri bu probleml\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 guatr\u0131n yay\u0131lma faizi 80%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qalxa bil\u0259r. Bunun \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, yod q\u0259bulu yet\u0259rli olan b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 guatr nisb\u0259ti xeyli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Guatr qad\u0131nlarda ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha tez-tez rast g\u0259linir; qad\u0131n-ki\u015fi nisb\u0259ti t\u0259xmin\u0259n 4:1-dir. Bu f\u0259rqin hormon s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki f\u0259rql\u0259rd\u0259n qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 45 ya\u015fdan yuxar\u0131 qad\u0131nlar guatr bax\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcks\u0259k risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Ya\u015f artd\u0131qca guatr\u0131n yay\u0131lma faizi y\u00fcks\u0259lir; apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlarda 55-75 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259 bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici 74% olaraq bildirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Co\u011frafi bax\u0131mdan yana\u015fd\u0131qda endemik guatr x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Afrika, C\u0259nub-\u015e\u0259rqi Asiya v\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Sakit okean (Pasifik) b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yay\u011f\u0131nd\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Efiopiyada u\u015faqlarda guatr faizi 40%-d\u0259n yuxar\u0131d\u0131r. Hindistanda is\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 54 milyon insan guatrla ya\u015fay\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, guatrogenik qidalar\u0131n q\u0259bulundan da t\u0259sirl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bmb\/article\/99\/1\/39\/298307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda duzun yodla z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si kimi ictimai sa\u011flaml\u0131q t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri<\/a> guatr\u0131n yay\u0131lma tezliyini xeyli azaltm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ancaq b\u0259zi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin qalmas\u0131 davaml\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259sirli t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 vacib oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\t<section class=\"section dark\" id=\"section_502881105\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-1266539722\" class=\"gap-element clearfix hide-for-medium\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1266539722 {\n  padding-top: 10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-900075051\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-868059117\" class=\"col medium-12 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3293937202\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>\u018ftrafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn biziml\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131n!<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-3293937202 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n@media (min-width:850px) {\n  #text-3293937202 {\n    font-size: 1.6rem;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-868059117 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 0px 0px 0px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-868059117 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-538861829\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?phone=905383589471&#038;text=Merhaba%20hocam,%20size%20%20https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/%20adresinden%20ula%C5%9F%C4%B1yorum.\" class=\"button success is-shade is-small box-shadow-5\" style=\"border-radius:10px;padding:5px 20px 5px 20px;\">\n\t\t<span>Whatsappla \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-538861829 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_502881105 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n  background-color: #013b7e;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-223950051\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-223950051 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Formalasir\"><\/span>Guatr Nec\u0259 Formala\u015f\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif bioloji prosesl\u0259rin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirinin n\u0259tic\u0259sidir. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-63895-9_31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z, madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sini t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n tiroksin (T\u2084) v\u0259 triiodtironin (T\u2083) hormonlar\u0131n\u0131 istehsal edir.<\/a> Bu hormonlar\u0131n sintezini hipofiz v\u0259zind\u0259n ifraz olunan qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zi stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hormon (TSH) idar\u0259 edir. Guatr\u0131n \u0259sas formala\u015fma mexanizml\u0259rind\u0259n biri ad\u0259t\u0259n yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormon istehsal\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yod, T\u2084 v\u0259 T\u2083 hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n sintezi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas elementdir. Kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yod al\u0131nmad\u0131qda, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si azal\u0131r v\u0259 bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t hipofiz v\u0259zini daha \u00e7ox TSH ifraz etm\u0259y\u0259 vadar edir. TSH-n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259sini stimulla\u015fd\u0131raraq v\u0259zin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin follikullar\u0131, \u201ckolloid\u201d adlanan madd\u0259 il\u0259 dolu strukturlar olaraq qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda \u0259sas rolu oynay\u0131r. TSH s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si bu follikullar\u0131n daha \u00e7ox tiroqlobulin istehsal etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 v\u0259zin daha \u00e7ox hormon istehsal etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131r. Ancaq yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 davam etdiyi t\u0259qdird\u0259, bu proses yet\u0259rli hormon sintezini t\u0259min ed\u0259 bilmir v\u0259 v\u0259zin daha da b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin membran\u0131nda olan natrium-yod da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxalmas\u0131, h\u00fcceyr\u0259nin d\u00f6vran sistemind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox yod almas\u0131na imkan yarad\u0131r ki, bu da hormon istehsal\u0131n\u0131 nisb\u0259t\u0259n tarazlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Amma bu kompensasiya mexanizmi v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n ir\u0259lil\u0259mi\u015f m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 nizams\u0131z h\u00fcceyr\u0259 \u00e7oxalmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc qurulu\u015flar (nod\u00fcll\u0259r) \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r hormon istehsal\u0131nda muxtariyy\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 edib TSH-dan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatr (multinod\u00fcler guatr) kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r v\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z toxumas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259zi hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 art\u0131q hormon istehsal\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259ki bu hiperaktiv d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r, tirotoksikoz adlanan h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatrin_Elam%C9%99tl%C9%99ri_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\"><\/span>Guatr\u0131n \u018flam\u0259tl\u0259ri N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z x\u0259st\u0259liyi olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u018fn \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259t, boynun \u00f6n hiss\u0259sind\u0259, alt qismd\u0259 meydana g\u0259l\u0259n \u015fi\u015flikdir. Bu \u015fi\u015flik v\u0259zin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259n v\u0259 qurulu\u015fundan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ola bil\u0259r; diffuz (yay\u011f\u0131n) v\u0259 ya d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc (nod\u00fcler) ola bil\u0259r. Fiziki olaraq g\u00f6zl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n \u015fi\u015flikd\u0259n savay\u0131, guatr\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fc v\u0259 \u0259trafdak\u0131 strukturlara t\u0259sirin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq, bo\u011fazda s\u0131x\u0131lma hissi, udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyi v\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259salmada problem kimi mexaniki \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/98\/1\/27A\/2823239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00d6sk\u00fcr\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259sin bat\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fula bil\u0259r.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 fiziki t\u0259sirl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin hormon ifraz s\u0259viyy\u0259sil\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259lidir. Hipertiroidizm v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin art\u0131q hormon istehsal etm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259kd\u00f6y\u00fcnm\u0259, titr\u0259m\u0259, h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q t\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259, istiliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssasl\u0131q, i\u015ftah art\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki itkisi kimi madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259si \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri meydana \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259r. \u018fksin\u0259, hipotireozda (qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) yor\u011funluq, \u00e7\u0259ki art\u0131m\u0131, soyu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssasl\u0131q, q\u0259bzlik, depressiya, sa\u00e7 t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259rinin qurumas\u0131 kimi \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259r ya\u015fana bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>B\u0259zi insanlarda qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormon s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri normal oldu\u011fu halda, fiziki b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 guatr n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpan simptomlar g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u00c7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatrda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu, x\u00fcsus\u0259n hormon ifraz\u0131n\u0131n muxtariyy\u0259t qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallarda hipertiroidizm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 guatr\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ola bil\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259r f\u0259rdd\u0259 f\u0259rqli m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 yarada bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Diaqnoz_Edilir\"><\/span>Guatr Nec\u0259 Diaqnoz Edilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n diaqnozu, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra add\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259yir. Bu proses d\u0259qiq diaqnoz qoyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 uy\u011fun m\u00fcalic\u0259 plan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 vacibdir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Klinik Qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Diaqnoz prosesi, \u0259trafl\u0131 tibbi anamnezin toplanmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259nin boyun nahiy\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fi\u015flik, n\u0259f\u0259s v\u0259 ya udqunma zaman\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlik, \u00fcr\u0259kd\u00f6y\u00fcnm\u0259, \u00e7\u0259ki d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri, istiliy\u0259 v\u0259 ya soyu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssasl\u0131q kimi \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Fiziki m\u00fcayin\u0259 zaman\u0131 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fc, qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, \u0259trafdak\u0131 strukturlar\u0131n s\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya yer d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si kimi \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r diqq\u0259tl\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Laborator Testl\u0259r:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z funksiyas\u0131 testl\u0259ri, guatr\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan hormonal tarazs\u0131zl\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir. Serum TSH s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri, hipotireoz v\u0259 ya hipertiroidizmin differensiasiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas g\u00f6st\u0259ricidir. S\u0259rb\u0259st T4 v\u0259 T3 s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259si qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259trafl\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan yarad\u0131r. Avtoimmun x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 edil\u0259n hallarda anti-TPO v\u0259 anti-tiroidoqlobulin kimi avtoantikor testl\u0259ri apar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259m\u0259 \u00dcsullar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ultras\u0259s m\u00fcayin\u0259si, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z toxumas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u00fcy\u00fcn olub-olmamas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 toxumadak\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259m\u0259 \u00fcsuludur. D\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin xo\u015fxass\u0259li v\u0259 ya b\u0259dxass\u0259li olma ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 ultras\u0259s yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Radioaktiv yod v\u0259 ya texnetsium s\u0131naqlar\u0131 (skenl\u0259ri) qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z toxumas\u0131n\u0131n funksional aktivliyini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k \u201cisti\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201csoyuq\u201d d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259ri ay\u0131rd edir. KT (BT) v\u0259 MRT, guatr\u0131n d\u00f6\u015f q\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya \u0259traf toxumalara t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si zaman\u0131 \u0259trafl\u0131 anatomik m\u0259lumat verir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0130nc\u0259 \u0130yn\u0259 Aspirasiya Biopsiyas\u0131 (\u0130\u0130AB):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259ki d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u00fcceyr\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259si g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259y\u0259n bu prosedur, b\u0259dxass\u0259liliyi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cq\u0131z\u0131l standart\u201d hesab olunur. \u018fld\u0259 edil\u0259n h\u00fcceyr\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri sitoloji bax\u0131mdan ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcalic\u0259 q\u0259rarlar\u0131 bu m\u0259lumatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda verilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u018flav\u0259 Testl\u0259r:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u0259sin bat\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259rs\u0259, s\u0259s tell\u0259rinin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti laringoskopiya il\u0259 yoxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyi hallar\u0131nda is\u0259 \u00f6zofaqoqrafiya v\u0259 ya barilium udma testl\u0259ri t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259r\u0259k qida borusuna t\u0259zyiq olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Mualic%C9%99_Edilir\"><\/span>Guatr Nec\u0259 M\u00fcalic\u0259 Edilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n m\u00fcalic\u0259si, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259sinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, simptomlar\u0131n \u015fidd\u0259ti v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259nin \u00fcmumi sa\u011flaml\u0131q v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti kimi amill\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u00fcalic\u0259 se\u00e7iml\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259, d\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259si, minimal invaziv prosedurlar v\u0259 c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 daxildir. H\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n uy\u011fun yana\u015fma, \u0259trafl\u0131 bir qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 simptomsuz guatrlar ad\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m yoxlamalarla izl\u0259nil\u0259 bil\u0259r. B\u0259dxass\u0259lilik riski olmayan v\u0259 ya qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z funksiyas\u0131 pozuntusu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259n hallarda, ultras\u0259s m\u00fcayin\u0259si il\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir. \u015eikay\u0259ti olmayan v\u0259 estetik narahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu yana\u015fma m\u00fcnasibdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u0259rman M\u00fcalic\u0259si:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/endocrinology\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2016.00048\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Levotiroksin Supressiya M\u00fcalic\u0259si:<\/a> TSH s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rini basd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bu m\u00fcalic\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 diffuz toksik olmayan guatrda t\u0259sirli ola bil\u0259r. Amma osteoporoz v\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259k ritm pozuntular\u0131 kimi yan t\u0259sirl\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ehtiyatl\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/li>\n<li>Yod \u018flav\u0259si: Yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qaynaqlanan guatrda yodlu duz v\u0259 ya oral \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 guatr\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si dayand\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259r. Amma h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q yod q\u0259bulu h\u0259ssas insanlarda hipertiroidizm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Minimal \u0130nvaziv Prosedurlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Radioaktiv Yod M\u00fcalic\u0259si: \u00c7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatrlar\u0131n m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259sirli bir \u00fcsuldur. Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin h\u0259cmini ki\u00e7ildir, amma hipotireoz riski m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/li>\n<li>Lazer v\u0259 Radiofrekans Ablasiyas\u0131: C\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 olmadan m\u00fcalic\u0259 imkan\u0131 t\u0259klif edir v\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u0259rrahi M\u00fcdaxil\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total Tiroidektomi: B\u00f6y\u00fck guatr, b\u0259dxass\u0259li \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259si v\u0259 ya ciddi simptomlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu \u00fcsulla guatr tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, lakin \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonu q\u0259bulu t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/li>\n<li>Subtotal Tiroidektomi: Daha m\u0259hdud c\u0259rrahi se\u00e7imdir, lakin t\u0259krarolma riski y\u00fcks\u0259kdir v\u0259 yenid\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat t\u0259l\u0259b oluna bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatrin_F%C9%99sadlari_N%C9%99l%C9%99rdir\"><\/span>Guatr\u0131n F\u0259sadlar\u0131 N\u0259l\u0259rdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr m\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259dikd\u0259, h\u0259m qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z funksiyalar\u0131nda pozuntuya, h\u0259m d\u0259 fiziki f\u0259sadlara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Bu f\u0259sadlar x\u0259st\u0259liyin alt s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 v\u0259 guatr\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hipotireoz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r hormon istehsal ed\u0259 bilm\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259ziyy\u0259tidir. Hipotireoz madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sini z\u0259ifl\u0259dir v\u0259 yor\u011funluq, \u00e7\u0259ki art\u0131m\u0131, soyu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssasl\u0131q v\u0259 depressiya kimi \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259zs\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli ciddi sa\u011flaml\u0131q probleml\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hipertiroidizm:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormon istehsal\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Bu, \u00fcr\u0259kd\u00f6y\u00fcnm\u0259, \u00e7\u0259ki itkisi, \u0259s\u0259bilik, t\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 titr\u0259m\u0259 kimi \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. N\u0259zar\u0259tsiz hipertiroidizm \u00fcr\u0259k ritm pozuntular\u0131 v\u0259 s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259rim\u0259 kimi ciddi f\u0259sadlara g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Struktur T\u0259sirl\u0259r:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z, boyundak\u0131 traxeaya v\u0259 qida borusuna t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu, n\u0259f\u0259s darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6sk\u00fcr\u0259k v\u0259 udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyi kimi probleml\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7\u0131r. \u0130r\u0259li m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tini ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 poza bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r v\u0259 X\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng Riski:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guatr z\u0259minind\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin (nod\u00fcll\u0259rin) formala\u015fmas\u0131 tez-tez rast g\u0259linir. D\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin bir qismi xo\u015fxass\u0259lidirs\u0259 d\u0259, b\u0259zil\u0259ri x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng riski da\u015f\u0131ya bil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259madi n\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunarsa biopsiya apar\u0131lmas\u0131 vacibdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dig\u0259r F\u0259sadlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6y\u00fck guatr \u0259trafdak\u0131 damar strukturlar\u0131na t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k beyin qan ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 poza v\u0259 nadir hallarda insult kimi a\u011f\u0131r f\u0259sadlara g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr hallar t\u0259cili m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Mualic%C9%99si_N%C9%99_Zaman_Edil%C9%99_bil%C9%99r\"><\/span>Guatr M\u00fcalic\u0259si N\u0259 Zaman Edil\u0259 bil\u0259r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n m\u00fcalic\u0259 olunmas\u0131 z\u0259rur\u0259ti x\u0259st\u0259nin simptomlar\u0131na, guatr\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259, yay\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin funksional v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcalic\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 veril\u0259rk\u0259n guatr\u0131n h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259siri v\u0259 potensial f\u0259sad riski n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da guatr m\u00fcalic\u0259sinin \u0259sas g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259ri izah edilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259si v\u0259 ya Diaqnozu:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259ki d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin b\u0259dxass\u0259li risk da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallarda, m\u00fcalic\u0259 prioritet hal al\u0131r. \u0130nc\u0259 iyn\u0259 aspirasiya biopsiyas\u0131 d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas \u00fcsuldur. Biopsiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259lilik a\u015fkarland\u0131qda v\u0259 ya x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259si y\u00fcks\u0259k olduqda, c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u0131x\u0131lma Semptomlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00f6y\u00fck guatrlar n\u0259f\u0259s borusu, qida borusu v\u0259 ya sinirl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu, n\u0259f\u0259s darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyi v\u0259 ya s\u0259s d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi yarada bil\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr simptomlar m\u00f6vcud olduqda, c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hipertiroidizm:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qreyvs x\u0259st\u0259liyi v\u0259 ya toksik \u00e7oxd\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u00fc guatr kimi hallar qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zd\u0259 h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q hormon istehsal\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Antitiroid d\u0259rmanlar t\u0259sirli olmad\u0131qda v\u0259 ya istifad\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131qda, radioaktiv yod m\u00fcalic\u0259si v\u0259 ya c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kosmetik Narahatl\u0131qlar:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u0259zi x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 guatr estetik bax\u0131mdan narahatl\u0131q yarada bil\u0259r. Bu halda m\u00fcalic\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259nin psixoloji v\u0259 sosial t\u0259l\u0259batlar\u0131n\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131lamaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 apar\u0131la bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Substernal v\u0259 ya Retrosterbal Yay\u0131lma:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n d\u00f6\u015f q\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259 do\u011fru geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si ciddi t\u0259n\u0259ff\u00fcs v\u0259 udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Bu hallarda c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259, struktur t\u0259zyiqi aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u0259rman M\u00fcalic\u0259sin\u0259 Cavab Verm\u0259m\u0259:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Guatr d\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259sin\u0259 cavab verm\u0259yibs\u0259, alternativ \u00fcsullar qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259li v\u0259 c\u0259rrahi v\u0259 ya radioaktiv yod m\u00fcalic\u0259si planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X\u0259st\u0259 Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli d\u0259rman istifad\u0259si ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya q\u0259ti h\u0259ll yolu axtaran x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcalic\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r. M\u00fcalic\u0259 planlamas\u0131nda x\u0259st\u0259nin m\u0259lumatl\u0131 se\u00e7imi m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Mualic%C9%99si_N%C9%99_Zaman_Edil%C9%99_Bilm%C9%99z\"><\/span>Guatr M\u00fcalic\u0259si N\u0259 Zaman Edil\u0259 Bilm\u0259z?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr m\u00fcalic\u0259sinin uy\u011fun olub-olmamas\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259nin \u00fcmumi sa\u011flaml\u0131q v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n, m\u00f6vcud x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 spesifik klinik faktorlardan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259r bir m\u00fcalic\u0259 \u00fcsulunun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus \u0259ks g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259ri (kontrendikasiyalar\u0131) m\u00f6vcuddur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da guatr\u0131n m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259tbiq olunan antitiroid d\u0259rmanlar, radioaktiv yod (RA\u0130) m\u00fcalic\u0259si v\u0259 tiroidektomi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259ks g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259r t\u0259qdim olunur.<\/p>\n<p>Antitiroid d\u0259rmanlar hipertiroidizmi n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur. Ancaq b\u0259zi hallarda bu d\u0259rmanlardan istifad\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. D\u0259rmana qar\u015f\u0131 allergiyas\u0131 olan insanlarda bu m\u00fcalic\u0259d\u0259n q\u0259ti sur\u0259td\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki ciddi allergik reaksiyalar m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, ciddi qaraciy\u0259r funksiyas\u0131 pozuntusu olan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 propiltiyourasil istifad\u0259sind\u0259) qaraciy\u0259r toksikliyi riski y\u00fcks\u0259lir. Nadir, lakin a\u011f\u0131r yan t\u0259sir olan agranulositoz yaranarsa, d\u0259rman m\u00fcalic\u0259si d\u0259rhal dayand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir se\u00e7im n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hamil\u0259likd\u0259 is\u0259 metimazol ad\u0259t\u0259n ilk trimestrd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilmir; propiltiyourasil se\u00e7ils\u0259 d\u0259, diqq\u0259tli n\u0259zar\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b olunur.<\/p>\n<p>RA\u0130 m\u00fcalic\u0259si hamil\u0259lik v\u0259 \u0259mizdirm\u0259 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilmir. Radioaktiv yod d\u00f6l\u00fcn qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z toxumas\u0131na z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259 v\u0259 anadang\u0259lm\u0259 pozuntulara s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. \u018fmizdir\u0259n analarda is\u0259 s\u00fcd yolu il\u0259 u\u015fa\u011fa ke\u00e7m\u0259 riski var. Aktiv Qreyvs oftalmopatiyas\u0131 olan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 RA\u0130 m\u00fcalic\u0259si g\u00f6z probleml\u0259rini daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngi \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259si olan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bu m\u00fcalic\u0259 \u00fcsulu uy\u011fun deyil. Be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan ki\u00e7ik u\u015faqlarda is\u0259 toxumalar\u0131n radiasiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ssas olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 RA\u0130 ad\u0259t\u0259n m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259si ciddi qanaxma pozuntular\u0131 (koaqulopatiya) olan v\u0259 bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlan\u0131lmayan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259m\u0259lidir. A\u011f\u0131r \u00fcr\u0259k-a\u011fciy\u0259r (kardiyopulmoner) x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k risk da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Hamil\u0259lik zaman\u0131 tiroidektomi ad\u0259t\u0259n t\u0259xir\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131r, t\u0259cili v\u0259ziyy\u0259t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda ana v\u0259 k\u00f6rp\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn riskl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r. Daha \u0259vv\u0259l boyun b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259 v\u0259 ya radiasiya m\u00fcalic\u0259si g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259 anatomik d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259 riskli hala g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatrin_Sagalma_Prosesi_Nec%C9%99dir\"><\/span>Guatr\u0131n Sa\u011falma Prosesi Nec\u0259dir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 sa\u011falma prosesi, x\u0259st\u0259nin \u00fcmumi sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan v\u0259 c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259nin miqyas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq insandan-insana d\u0259yi\u015fir. \u018fm\u0259liyyatdan sonrak\u0131 ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259xanada qalmaq t\u0259l\u0259b oluna bil\u0259r. Bu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 tibb hey\u0259ti m\u00fcmk\u00fcn f\u0259sadlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edir v\u0259 qanama, infeksiya v\u0259 ya hipokalsemiya kimi hallara qar\u015f\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259ni qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. A\u011fr\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n minimal olur v\u0259 parasetamol (asetaminofen) kimi y\u00fcng\u00fcl a\u011fr\u0131k\u0259sicil\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yara bax\u0131m\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatdan sonra diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259li olan \u0259sas m\u0259qamlardan biridir. C\u0259rrahiyy\u0259 sah\u0259si ad\u0259t\u0259n \u0259riy\u0259n tiki\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131r v\u0259 yaran\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki Steri-Strips v\u0259 ya c\u0259rrahi yap\u0131\u015fqan 10-14 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u0130lk 24 saat yaran\u0131n quru saxlanmas\u0131, sonra is\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcl sabun v\u0259 su il\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tdir. Yaran\u0131n g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 SPF 45 v\u0259 ya daha y\u00fcks\u0259k qoruma faktorlu g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f kreminin istifad\u0259si, yaran\u0131n izinin minimal s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 endirilm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.<\/p>\n<p>X\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r ad\u0259t\u0259n 1-2 h\u0259ft\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131da bilirl\u0259r, lakin bu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r qald\u0131rma v\u0259 ya g\u0259rgin fiziki f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n uzaq durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fctl\u0259q olmayan, lakin m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti olaraq m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n s\u0259sin bat\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri, s\u0259s tell\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, lakin \u00e7ox vaxt bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u0259ft\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tam tiroidektomi t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonunun \u0259v\u0259zedici m\u00fcalic\u0259si vacibdir v\u0259 uy\u011fun dozan\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259liyyatdan 6 h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra qan testl\u0259ri apar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guatr_Nec%C9%99_Qarsisi_Alinir\"><\/span>Guatr Nec\u0259 Qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq, h\u0259m f\u0259rdi, h\u0259m d\u0259 ictimai s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 strategiya t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n add\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edir. \u0130lk add\u0131m, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yod q\u0259bulu t\u0259min edilm\u0259sidir. Yodlu duz istifad\u0259si, guatr\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259sirli bir \u00fcsuldur. D\u0259niz m\u0259hsullar\u0131, d\u0259niz yosunu, s\u00fcd m\u0259hsullar\u0131 v\u0259 yumurta kimi qidalar\u0131n nizaml\u0131 q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si d\u0259 rasionda yod s\u0259viyy\u0259sini art\u0131r\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 yodla z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f qidalar m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynaya bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ctimai sa\u011flaml\u0131q siyas\u0259ti, guatr\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u0259sas \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Duzdan ba\u015fqa dig\u0259r \u0259sas qidalar\u0131n da yodla z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atma imkan\u0131 verir. Maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259rqind\u0259lik kampaniyalar\u0131 is\u0259 insanlar\u0131 yodlu duz istifad\u0259si v\u0259 yodun sa\u011flaml\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatland\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yir. Bu, h\u0259m f\u0259rdl\u0259rin, h\u0259m d\u0259 toplumun guatr riskini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259sirli bir yana\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>B\u0259zi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z i\u015fini mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n (goitrojen) madd\u0259l\u0259r olan qidalar\u0131n istehlak\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b. Bu qidalar\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 emal\u0131, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259ri minimuma endirir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259traf m\u00fchit amill\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. \u0130\u00e7m\u0259li sudak\u0131 v\u0259 torpaqdak\u0131 \u00e7irkl\u0259ndiricil\u0259rin izl\u0259nm\u0259si, yodun sorulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k madd\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259sirini azalda bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00fcsusil\u0259 hamil\u0259 qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 u\u015faqlar kimi h\u0259ssas qruplar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yod q\u0259bulu son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 vacibdir. Hamil\u0259lik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan prenatal vitaminl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b \u0259sasl\u0131 qidalanma proqramlar\u0131 kimi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r, bu qruplar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131layaraq guatr\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k verir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tez-Tez_Veril%C9%99n_Suallar\"><\/span>Tez-Tez Veril\u0259n Suallar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Guatr x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259 yem\u0259m\u0259lidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini azaldan qidalar\u0131n q\u0259bulu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsus\u0259n, br\u00fcssel k\u0259l\u0259m, brokoli, turp, \u015fal\u011fam, k\u0259l\u0259m v\u0259 g\u00fcl k\u0259l\u0259mi (karnabahar) h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q q\u0259bul edilm\u0259m\u0259li, q\u0259bul edil\u0259c\u0259ks\u0259 d\u0259 bi\u015firildikd\u0259n sonra yeyilm\u0259lidir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin yem\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan duzun yodlu olmas\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr n\u0259d\u0259n yaran\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guatr\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bi yod \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u0259xs kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yod q\u0259bul etm\u0259dikd\u0259, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z hormonu ifraz ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Bu halda, beynin qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zi durmadan i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 v\u0259z b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr v\u0259 guatr yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li x\u0259st\u0259likdirmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guatr, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 \u201cz\u0259h\u0259rli guatr\u201d (zehirli guatr) birba\u015fa h\u0259yat keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259r ya\u015fda rast g\u0259lin\u0259 bil\u0259n sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemidir. Metabolizm\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zl\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011fundan, m\u00fctl\u0259q m\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir, \u0259ks t\u0259qdird\u0259 ikinci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li probleml\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259y\u0259 getm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015e\u0259xs \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 guatr \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri hiss edirs\u0259, m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259li oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00f6b\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259xanalar\u0131n \u00fcmumi c\u0259rrahiyy\u0259 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sidir. H\u0259kimin aparaca\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcayin\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259, endokrinologiya \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatra n\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259sir edir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guatr il\u0259 qidalanma birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259lidir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, guatr x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin bu x\u0259st\u0259liyi n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fczg\u00fcn v\u0259 balansl\u0131 qidalanmas\u0131 vacibdir. Bu bax\u0131mdan, qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n \u015f\u00fcy\u00fcd (dereotu), antibiotik effekti g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n so\u011fan v\u0259 sar\u0131msaq, B vitamini il\u0259 z\u0259ngin s\u00fcd v\u0259 s\u00fcd m\u0259hsullar\u0131, omega-3 m\u0259nb\u0259yi olan d\u0259niz m\u0259hsullar\u0131 guatra yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n qidalar s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin insan bol-bol maye q\u0259bul etm\u0259li v\u0259 fiziki aktivliyi \u0259skik etm\u0259m\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr \u0259m\u0259liyyats\u0131z m\u00fcalic\u0259 oluna bil\u0259rmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u018fg\u0259r guatrda apar\u0131lan biopsil\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcy\u00fcn xo\u015fxass\u0259li \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rsa v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcrs\u0259, \u015f\u0259xsd\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t\u0259 yol a\u00e7m\u0131rsa, \u0259m\u0259liyyata ehtiyac yoxdur, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 kifay\u0259tdir. Amma d\u00fcy\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr v\u0259 getdikc\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcrs\u0259, \u0259m\u0259liyyat vacibdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259 bil\u0259rmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259zin v\u0259zif\u0259si, ifraz etdiyi hormonlar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. \u018fg\u0259r ifraz etdiyi hormonun s\u0259viyy\u0259si azalarsa, b\u0259d\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti d\u0259 azal\u0131r. \u00c7ox ifraz olunduqda is\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259ti y\u00fcks\u0259lir. Bir \u00e7ox d\u00fcy\u00fcn d\u0259rmanlarla n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131na al\u0131nsa da, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n, kistik v\u0259 ya b\u0259rk (solid) qurulu\u015fda olan d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rin x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259 riski var.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr x\u0259st\u0259liyi m\u00fcalic\u0259 olunmazsa n\u0259 olar?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u0259yati \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan bu x\u0259st\u0259lik m\u00fctl\u0259q m\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir. \u018fg\u0259r m\u00fcalic\u0259 edilm\u0259zs\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259k ritm pozuntusu, y\u00fcks\u0259k qan t\u0259zyiqi, \u00fcr\u0259kd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u00fcr\u0259k \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r yaran\u0131r. \u00dcr\u0259k-damar sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259hdid ed\u0259n bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259t h\u0259yati riskl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u0259h\u0259rli guatr \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259l\u0259rdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Qreyvs x\u0259st\u0259liyi, y\u0259ni \u201cz\u0259h\u0259rli guatr\u201d kimi tan\u0131nan hal\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri bunlard\u0131r: isti olmamas\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q t\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259, narahatl\u0131q (anksiyete), rahats\u0131zl\u0131q, \u00e7\u0259ki itkisi, ba\u011f\u0131rsaq f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 art\u0131m, ayba\u015f\u0131 tsiklinin pozulmas\u0131, cinsi ist\u0259k itkisi, \u00fcr\u0259kd\u00f6y\u00fcnm\u0259, taxikardiya, g\u00f6zl\u0259rin xaric\u0259 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259 titr\u0259m\u0259 ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guatr oldu\u011fumu nec\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259m?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Guatr b\u0259zi x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259lam\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259diyi halda, b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 udqunma \u00e7\u0259tinliyi, \u00f6sk\u00fcr\u0259k, n\u0259f\u0259s darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Eyni zamanda boyunda \u015fi\u015flik \u0259n \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7\u0259ki art\u0131m\u0131, hals\u0131zl\u0131q (uyu\u015fuqluq hissi), q\u0259bzlik, \u00fcmumi z\u0259iflik, sa\u00e7 t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 yuxusuzluq da dig\u0259r m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u0259nb\u0259:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12625-goiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/12625-goiter<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z (tiroid v\u0259zi), boynun \u00f6n hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u201cguatr\u201d adl\u0131 sa\u011flaml\u0131q problemind\u0259 \u0259sas rol oynay\u0131r. Qalxanab\u0259nz\u0259r v\u0259z b\u0259d\u0259nin madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259sini t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n hormonlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131na cavabdehdir v\u0259 bu v\u0259zin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si h\u0259m estetik, h\u0259m d\u0259 sa\u011flaml\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Guatr\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda boyunda \u015fi\u015flik, bo\u011fazda s\u0131x\u0131lma hissi v\u0259 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,104,103,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tiroid-az","category-tiroid-xrcngi","category-tiroid-xstliklri","category-zob"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4701"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4887,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4701\/revisions\/4887"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gurkanyetkin.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}